The creation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861 was the result of Italian nationalists and those loyal to the House of Savoy who wished to establish a united kingdom encompassing the entire Italian Peninsula. The Kingdom of Italy was preceded by the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, the papal states and the [read more]
Isabella Clara of Austria was born on 12 August 1629 as the daughter of Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria and Count of Tyrol and Claudia de’ Medici. On 7 November 1649, Isabella Clara married Charles II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (an area in Northern Italy) in a pro-Austria policy. She gave birth to her [read more]
Galla Placidia was one of Rome’s last empresses. During her time as both Princess and Empress, she would see Rome as it steadily declined into a weak nation that would eventually fall in 476 into the hands of the Barbarian tribes. Galla Placidia held immense power during her years. She would be involved in the [read more]
Hélène was a strong-willed princess, raised in France but closely connected with the court of Queen Victoria. After the premature end to a romance with Victoria’s grandson, she married into the royal family of Italy. However, Hélène began extended adventuresome trips into Africa where she became a big-game hunter, explorer and travel writer, escaping from [read more]
Agrippina the Younger was the sister, wife, and mother of Roman Emperors. She was one of the most powerful women in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Because of her position, she has often been maligned in history. Ancient sources portray her as “a consummate schemer, lusting after power, manipulating men and women to her own ends, and [read more]
“We were never happy”. These are the words of Marie José, Princess of Belgium and last Queen of Italy, talking to a journalist in 1988 about her marriage to King Umberto. But these could have been the words of any woman whose life has been decided by others and by a tragic history that disrupted [read more]
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